酒店布草（包括床單、被套、毛巾、桌布等）的洗滌質量直接影響賓客體驗與布草使用壽命，其洗滌需兼顧清潔度、織物保護與衛生標準，避免因操作不當導致布草泛黃、破損或殘留污漬。科學規范的洗滌流程，能讓布草保持潔白柔軟，同時降低更換頻率，控制運營成本。

　　The washing quality of hotel linens (including bed sheets, duvet covers, towels, tablecloths, etc.) directly affects the guest experience and the service life of the linens. The washing should take into account cleanliness, fabric protection, and hygiene standards to avoid yellowing, damage, or residual stains caused by improper operation. A scientifically standardized washing process can keep the linen white and soft, while reducing the frequency of replacement and controlling operating costs.

　　分類洗滌是酒店布草處理的基礎，可避免交叉污染與材質損傷。按布草類型劃分，床單、被套等床品應與毛巾、浴巾分開洗滌 —— 床品以去除人體油脂、皮屑為主，毛巾類則需清除汗液與毛發，兩者污漬成分不同，洗滌劑選擇與洗滌程序有差異，混合洗滌易導致毛巾纖維附著在床品表面，形成難以去除的毛絮。按污染程度區分，重度污染布草（如沾有油漬、化妝品的枕套，帶有食物殘渣的桌布）需先進行預處理，用去漬劑局部涂抹污漬處，靜置 5-10 分鐘后再放入主洗程序，避免污漬干涸后難以洗凈；輕度污染的布草可直接進入常規洗滌，減少洗滌劑用量與洗滌時間。按材質分類同樣重要，棉質布草耐堿性強，可使用普通洗衣粉；化纖混紡布草（如滌綸與棉混紡的床單）需控制洗滌劑堿性，避免面料變硬；羊毛、絲綢等高檔布草則需采用中性洗滌劑，并用輕柔模式洗滌，防止纖維受損。

　　Classification washing is the foundation of hotel linen treatment, which can avoid cross contamination and material damage. According to the type of linen, bed sheets, duvet covers, and other bedding should be washed separately from towels and bath towels - bedding is mainly used to remove human oil and dandruff, while towels need to remove sweat and hair. The composition of the two types of stains is different, and the choice of detergent and washing program are different. Mixed washing can easily cause towel fibers to adhere to the surface of bedding, forming difficult to remove fluff. According to the degree of pollution, heavily contaminated linens (such as pillowcases with oil stains or cosmetics, tablecloths with food residue) need to be pre treated by applying stain remover to the affected area, allowing it to stand for 5-10 minutes before entering the main washing process to avoid difficulty in cleaning after the stains dry up; Mildly polluted linen can be directly washed in regular washing, reducing the amount of detergent and washing time. It is equally important to classify according to material. Cotton linen has strong alkali resistance and can be used with ordinary laundry detergent; Chemical fiber blended linen (such as polyester and cotton blended bed sheets) needs to control the alkalinity of the detergent to avoid the fabric becoming hard; High end fabrics such as wool and silk need to be washed with neutral detergent and gently to prevent fiber damage.

　　洗滌劑的選擇與用量需根據布草材質與污漬類型調整，避免過度使用或選錯類型。主洗滌劑分為堿性洗衣粉、中性洗衣液與專用去漬劑 —— 堿性洗衣粉清潔力強，適合洗滌棉質厚重布草（如浴巾、厚被套），能有效去除油脂與蛋白質污漬，但過量使用會導致布草泛黃，殘留的堿性物質還會使織物手感變硬。中性洗衣液 pH 值接近 7，適合化纖、羊毛等敏感材質，洗后布草柔軟蓬松，適合高端酒店的精細布草。去漬劑需針對性使用：針對油漬的乳化劑能分解動植物油脂，適合處理餐飲布草；含氧化成分的去漬劑可去除果汁、咖啡等色素類污漬，但需控制濃度，避免漂白過度導致布草局部發白。洗滌劑用量需按洗滌設備容量計算，每 10 公斤干布草的洗衣粉用量通常為 50-80 克，過量不僅浪費，還會增加漂洗難度，殘留的洗滌劑會刺激皮膚，影響賓客體驗。

　　The selection and dosage of detergent should be adjusted according to the fabric material and stain type to avoid overuse or selecting the wrong type. The main detergents are divided into alkaline laundry detergent, neutral laundry detergent, and specialized stain remover - alkaline laundry detergent has strong cleaning power and is suitable for washing cotton and heavy fabrics (such as bath towels and thick duvet covers). It can effectively remove oil and protein stains, but excessive use can cause the fabric to turn yellow, and residual alkaline substances can also make the fabric feel hard. The pH value of neutral laundry detergent is close to 7, suitable for sensitive materials such as synthetic fibers and wool. After washing, the linen is soft and fluffy, suitable for fine linen in high-end hotels. Stain removers need to be used specifically: emulsifiers for oil stains can decompose animal and vegetable fats, making them suitable for treating food and beverage linens; Stain removers containing oxidizing components can remove pigment stains such as fruit juice and coffee, but the concentration needs to be controlled to avoid excessive bleaching that can cause localized whitening of the fabric. The amount of detergent used should be calculated based on the capacity of the washing equipment. The amount of laundry detergent used for every 10 kilograms of dry linen is usually 50-80 grams. Excessive use not only wastes, but also increases the difficulty of rinsing. Residual detergent can irritate the skin and affect the guest experience.

　　洗滌過程中的溫度與時間控制直接影響清潔效果與布草壽命。棉質布草的主洗溫度以 60-70℃為宜，這一溫度能激活洗滌劑活性，有效殺滅細菌（如大腸桿菌、金黃色葡萄球菌），同時溶解人體油脂，但溫度超過 80℃會導致棉纖維收縮，使布草尺寸變小，床單被套出現套不進床墊的情況。化纖布草耐熱性較差，主洗溫度應控制在 40-50℃，高溫會導致面料變色或變硬，尤其是帶有印花的布草，高溫易使圖案褪色。洗滌時間需根據污漬程度調整，常規床品洗滌總時長（包括預洗、主洗、漂洗）約 45-60 分鐘，其中主洗階段保持 15-20 分鐘即可；重度污染布草可延長主洗時間至 25-30 分鐘，但需避免長時間洗滌導致纖維磨損。漂洗環節需保證充分，通常進行 3-4 次漂洗，每次漂洗后脫水 2-3 分鐘，確保布草中無洗滌劑殘留，最后一次漂洗可加入柔順劑，使布草手感柔軟，減少靜電。

　　The temperature and time control during the washing process directly affect the cleaning effect and the lifespan of the linen. The optimal main washing temperature for cotton linen is 60-70 ℃. This temperature can activate detergent activity, effectively kill bacteria (such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus), and dissolve human fat. However, temperatures exceeding 80 ℃ can cause cotton fibers to shrink, resulting in a smaller size of the linen and causing bed sheets to not fit into the mattress. Chemical fiber linen has poor heat resistance, and the main washing temperature should be controlled at 40-50 ℃. High temperatures can cause the fabric to discolor or harden, especially for printed linen, which can easily cause the pattern to fade. The washing time should be adjusted according to the degree of stains. The total washing time for regular bedding (including pre washing, main washing, and rinsing) is about 45-60 minutes, with the main washing stage lasting 15-20 minutes; Severely polluted linen can extend the main washing time to 25-30 minutes, but it is necessary to avoid prolonged washing that may cause fiber wear. The rinsing process should be sufficient, usually 3-4 times. After each rinse, dehydrate for 2-3 minutes to ensure that there is no detergent residue in the linen. For the last rinse, a softener can be added to make the linen feel soft and reduce static electricity.

　　烘干與熨燙處理需匹配布草特性，避免過度干燥或熨燙不當。烘干溫度需低于洗滌溫度，棉質布草烘干溫度控制在 60-70℃，烘干至八成干時取出，此時布草仍有輕微濕潤感，后續熨燙時更易塑形，且能減少褶皺；化纖布草烘干溫度不超過 50℃，過度干燥會導致面料脆化，縮短使用壽命。烘干過程中需定時翻動布草，防止局部過熱產生黃斑，對于毛巾類布草，烘干后可進行 5-10 分鐘的冷卻程序，使纖維恢復蓬松狀態。熨燙時需根據布草類型調整熨斗溫度與壓力：床單、被套等大件布草適合用滾筒熨燙機，溫度設置 120-140℃，通過高溫蒸汽穿透織物，既能平整布草，又能二次殺菌；毛巾類布草通常無需熨燙，烘干后抖散即可保持蓬松；桌布、餐巾等需要挺括效果的布草，可用平板熨燙機，溫度稍高（140-160℃），壓力均勻，確保邊角平整。

　　Drying and ironing should match the characteristics of the linen to avoid excessive drying or improper ironing. The drying temperature should be lower than the washing temperature. The drying temperature of cotton linen should be controlled at 60-70 ℃. When it is 80% dry, it should be taken out. At this time, the linen still has a slight moist feeling, which makes it easier to shape during ironing and can reduce wrinkles; The drying temperature of synthetic linen should not exceed 50 ℃. Excessive drying can cause the fabric to become brittle and shorten its service life. During the drying process, it is necessary to regularly flip the linen to prevent local overheating and the formation of yellow spots. For towel linen, a cooling program of 5-10 minutes can be carried out after drying to restore the fibers to a fluffy state. When ironing, the temperature and pressure of the iron should be adjusted according to the type of linen: large linen such as bed sheets and duvet covers are suitable for use with a drum ironing machine, with a temperature set at 120-140 ℃. High temperature steam penetrates the fabric, which can both flatten the linen and sterilize it twice; Towel linen usually does not require ironing, and can be shaken off after drying to maintain fluffiness; Tablecloths, napkins, and other fabrics that require a stiff effect can be ironed using a flat ironing machine at a slightly higher temperature (140-160 ℃), with even pressure to ensure smooth edges and corners.

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